Predictors of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality
| Baseline variables | All-cause mortality n=550 deaths (52%) | Cardiovascular mortality n=398 cardiovascular deaths (37%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariable | Multivariable | Univariable | Multivariable | |||||
| HR 95% CI | p Value | HR 95% CI | p Value | HR 95% CI | p Value | HR 95% CI | p Value | |
| Age, years (per 10 years increase) | 2.06 1.88 to 2.27 | <0.001 | 1.95 1.75 to 2.18 | <0.001 | 2.37 2.11 to 2.67 | <0.001 | 2.22 1.93 to 2.55 | <0.001 |
| Male gender | 0.92 0.77 to 1.08 | 0.30 | 1.29 1.03 to 1.63 | 0.03 | 0.81 0.66 to 0.98 | 0.03 | 1.18 0.90 to 1.55 | 0.22 |
| Body surface area, m2 | 0.48 0.32 to 0.71 | <0.001 | 0.77 0.44 to 1.35 | 0.36 | 0.35 0.22 to 0.58 | <0.001 | 0.78 0.40 to 1.52 | 0.47 |
| Hypertension | 2.05 1.67 to 2.53 | <0.001 | 1.26 1.02 to 1.57 | 0.04 | 2.37 1.83 to 3.07 | <0.001 | 1.36 1.04 to 1.77 | 0.03 |
| Diabetes | 1.52 1.27 to 1.82 | <0.001 | 1.34 1.11 to 1.62 | 0.002 | 1.63 1.32 to 2.00 | <0.001 | 1.44 1.15 to 1.79 | 0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1.82 1.53 to 2.17 | <0.001 | 1.00 0.83 to 1.22 | 0.96 | 2.05 1.66 to 2.54 | <0.001 | 1.11 0.88 to 1.40 | 0.36 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 2.36 1.96 to 2.83 | <0.001 | 1.58 1.31 to 1.91 | <0.001 | 2.34 1.89 to 2.90 | <0.001 | 1.51 1.21 to 1.89 | <0.001 |
| Renal failure | 2.76 2.28 to 3.34 | <0.001 | 1.67 1.36 to 2.04 | <0.001 | 3.10 2.58 to 3.97 | <0.001 | 1.83 1.45 to 2.31 | <0.001 |
| Stroke volume index, mL/m2 (per 5 mL/m2 decrease) | 1.22 1.16 to 1.29 | <0.001 | 1.07 1.01 to 1.14 | 0.02 | 1.26 1.19 to 1.33 | <0.001 | 1.08 1.01 to 1.16 | 0.03 |
| Peak aortic jet velocity, m/s (per 1 m/s increase) | 0.85 0.77 to 0.95 | 0.003 | – | – | 0.88 0.78 to 0.99 | 0.04 | – | – |
| Mean gradient, mm Hg (per 10 mm Hg increase) | 0.92 0.87 to 0.97 | 0.005 | 0.99 0.94 to 1.05 | 0.81 | 0.94 0.88 to 1.00 | 0.06 | 1.02 0.96 to 1.09 | 0.55 |
| Aortic valve area, cm2 (per 0.1 cm2 decrease) | 1.05 1.02 to 1.08 | 0.002 | – | – | 1.08 1.05 to 1.12 | <0.001 | – | – |
| Aortic valve area index, cm2/m2 (per 0.1 cm2/m2 decrease) | 1.04 0.99 to 1.10 | 0.09 | – | – | 1.10 1.03 to 1.16 | 0.003 | – | – |
| Energy loss index, cm2/m2 (per 0.1 cm2/m2 decrease) | 1.03 0.99 to 1.07 | 0.09 | – | – | 1.07 1.02 to 1.12 | 0.003 | – | – |
| Dimensionless velocity index (per 0.1 decrease) | 1.04 0.95 to 1.14 | 0.41 | – | – | 1.10 0.99 to 1.23 | 0.08 | – | – |
| Mitral regurgitation | 1.50 1.35 to 1.66 | <0.001 | 1.08 0.97 to 1.21 | 0.18 | 1.61 1.42 to 1.82 | <0.001 | 1.09 0.96 to 1.25 | 0.19 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % (per 5% decrease) | 1.14 1.11 to 1.17 | <0.001 | 1.07 1.03 to 1.11 | <0.001 | 1.16 1.12 to 1.20 | <0.001 | 1.07 1.03 to 1.12 | 0.001 |
| Valvuloarterial impedance, mm Hg/mL m2 | 1.28 1.18 to 1.39 | <0.001 | – | – | 1.36 1.25 to 1.49 | <0.001 | – | – |
Text in bold is to highlight the variables that are significantly associated with events in multivariable analysis.
AVR, aortic valve replacement; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HR, hazard ratio; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; Zva, valvulo-arterial impedance.