Table 2

Demographic data for hypertensive subjects and normotensive controls

  Hypertensive subjects (n=88)
  Normal indexed LVM (n=56)Elevated indexed LVM (n=32)
Controls (n=29)Normal LV (n=41)Concentric remodelling (n=15)Concentric LVH (n=24)Eccentric LVH (n=8)
Age (years)47±1345±16 56±12*148±1256±11*2
Gender (% male)5941*3607188
Ethnicity
 Caucasian93*473938387
 Black African300913
 Black Caribbean010040
 Oriental02000
 South East Asian312000
 Mixed02740
BMI (kg/m2)26±5*530±633±531±632±7
Diabetes (%)0*65131720
Heart rate (bpm)67±1272±1276±16*768±965±13
Office SBP (mm Hg)128±12*8161±26175±33170±30172±37
Office DBP (mm Hg) 79±10*894±1194±1599±14102±21
ESH/ESC office BP grade
 Controlled (%)571310
 High normal (%)7700
 Grade 1 (%)39132510
 Grade 2 (%)22272930
 Grade 3 (%)22473350
 Isolated systolic HTN (%)5700
No. antihypertensive medications0*82±12±23±2*94±3*10
ACEi/ARB (%)0*8688083100*11
  • *1Concentric remodelling versus Normal LV: p=0.007 and Concentric remodelling versus Controls: p=0.037.

  • *2Eccentric LVH versus Normal LV: p=0.035.

  • *3Normal LV versus Concentric LVH: p=0.020 and Normal LV versus Eccentric LVH: p=0.016.

  • *4Controls versus Normal LV: p=0.027.

  • *5Controls versus Normal LV: p=0.017, Controls versus Concentric remodelling: p<0.0001, Controls versus Concentric LVH: p=0.001 and Controls versus Eccentric LVH: p=0.009.

  • *6Controls versus Concentric LVH: p=0.030 and Controls versus Eccentric LVH: p=0.025.

  • *7Concentric remodelling versus Controls: p=0.032, Concentric remodelling versus Concentric LVH: p=0.043 and Concentric remodelling versus Eccentric LVH: p=0.041.

  • *8Controls versus Normal LV: p<0.0001, Controls versus Concentric remodelling: p<0.0001, Controls versus Concentric LVH: p<0.0001 and Controls versus Eccentric LVH: p<0.0001.

  • *9Concentric LVH versus Normal LV: p=0.011.

  • *10Eccentric LVH versus Concentric remodelling p=0.016 and Eccentric LVH versus Normal LV: p=0.001.

  • *11Eccentric LVH versus Normal LV: p=0.035.

  • European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology (ESH/ESC) Office BP grade—Controlled SBP: 120–129 and/or DBP 80–84, High normal SBP: 130–139 mm Hg and/or DBP 85–89 mm Hg, Grade 1 SBP 140–159 and/or DBP 90–99, Grade 2 SBP 160–179 and/or DBP 100–109, Grade 3 SBP ≥180 and/or DBP ≥110, Isolated systolic hypertension SBP ≥140 mm Hg and DBP <90 mm Hg.

  • ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HTN, hypertension; LV, left ventricular; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; SBP, systolic blood pressure.