Primary myocardial ischaemia | Supply or demand imbalance causing myocardial ischaemia | Injury not related to myocardial ischaemia | Multifactorial or indeterminate aetiology |
---|---|---|---|
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture Intraluminal coronary thrombus Distal microembolisation Coronary artery dissection | Anaemia Aortic dissection Aortic valve disease Tachyarrhythmias or bradyarrhythmias Coronary embolism or vasculitis Coronary endothelial dysfunction Coronary vasospasm Hypertension Left ventricular hypertrophy Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Respiratory failure Shock
| Ablation Cardiac contusion Cardiac surgery Cardiotoxic drugs Cardioversion Cytokine-mediated injury Myocarditis Pacing Rhabdomyolysis | Acute/chronic heart failure Burns Critical illness Infiltrative diseases
Pulmonary hypertension Acute kidney injury Chronic kidney disease Strenuous exercise Takotsubo cardiomyopathy Stroke Subarachnoid haemorrhage |
Adapted from Thygesen et al.1