Baseline characteristics of the study participants according to BAV morphotype
| Variable |
All patients n=852 |
BAV-RL n=590 (72.9%) |
BAV-RN n=195 (24.1%) |
BAV-LN n=24 (3.0%) | p Value |
| Demographics and clinical data | |||||
| Age, years | 47.4±16.8 | 47.6±17.1 | 46.4±16.1 | 49.6±15.6 | 0.425 |
| Male, n (%) | 598 (70.2) | 425 (72.0) | 132 (67.7) | 16 (66.6) | 0.423 |
| BSA, kg/m2 | 1.85±0.2 | 1.86±0.1 | 1.83±0.2 | 1.85±0.2 | 0.075 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 239 (28.1) | 167 (28.3) | 65 (33.3) | 5 (20.8) | 0.235 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 260 (30.1) | 194 (32.9) | 56 (28.7) | 8 (33.3) | 0.201 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 44 (5.2) | 27 (4.6) | 14 (7.2) | 2 (8.3) | 0.196 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 185 (21.7) | 132 (22.4) | 43 (22.1) | 8 (33.3) | 0.921 |
| Valve abnormality and dysfunction | |||||
| Raphe, n (%) | 644 (75.6) | 467 (79.2) | 146 (74.9) | 20 (83.3) | 0.066 |
| Sigmoid prolapse, n (%) | 110 (12.9) | 62 (10.5) | 43 (22.1)* | 4 (16.7) | 0.0001 |
| Valve calcification, n (%) | 210 (24.6) | 137 (23.2) | 62 (31.8)*** | 9 (37.5) | 0.022 |
| Normofunctional, n (%) | 467 (54.8) | 327 (55.4)*** | 93 (47.7) | 12 (50.0) | 0.015 |
| AS, n (%) | 184 (21.6) | 117 (19.8) | 58 (29.7)** | 6 (25.0) | 0.004 |
| AR, n (%) | 201 (23.6) | 146 (24.8) | 44 (22.6) | 6 (25.0) | 0.534 |
| Aortic diameter, dilation and morphotype | |||||
| Aortic annulus, mm | 23.3±3.3 | 23.4±3.3 | 23.1±3.2 | 22.5±4.3 | 0.246 |
| Aortic root, mm | 36.7±5.7 | 37.5±5.6* | 34.3±5.3 | 38.9±6.8 | 0.0001 |
| STJ, mm | 30.5±6.4 | 30.9±6.4** | 29.0±6.1 | 31.4±8.8 | 0.0001 |
| Ascending aorta, mm | 40.6±7.6 | 41.2±7.6 | 39.9±7.4 | 40.1±7.5 | 0.052 |
| Aortic arch, mm | 31.6±5.5 | 30.9±5.1 | 33.3±6.3* | 33.9±5.9 | 0.0001 |
| Aortic dilation | 663 (79.8) | 486 (83.1)** | 145 (74.4) | 19 (79.2) | 0.037 |
| Root dilation phenotype | 122 (14.7) | 101 (17.1)* | 10 (5.1) | 7 (29.2) | 0.001 |
| Ascending aorta dilation phenotype | 541 (65.1) | 385 (65.3) | 135 (69.2) | 12 (50) | 0.131 |
*BAV-RL versus BAV-RN: *p<0.001; **p<0.01; ***p<0.05.
AR, aortic regurgitation; AS, aortic stenosis; BAV, bicuspid aortic valve
BSA, body surface area; LN, left coronary and non-coronary; RL, right and left; RN, right coronary and non-coronary; STJ, sinotubular junction.