Atrial septal defect (ASD)
| Suspect if M mode evidence of right ventricular volume overload |
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| • increased size and abnormal septal motion |
| Image atrial septum with 4 chamber views for secundum or primum defect |
| Tilt anteriorly for sinus venosus defect if no other apparent |
| Contrast imaging studies if uncertain if ASD present |
| Transoesophageal echocardiography for definitive imaging of ASD |
| Measure the size of the defect and assess rim of atrial tissue |
| Measure right ventricular pressure from tricuspid regurgitation signal |
| Remember other causes of right ventricular volume overload |
| • check for significant tricuspid or pulmonary regurgitation |
| • look for an anomalous vein |