Renin profiling in patients with stable chronic heart failure
| Characteristics | Low PRA | Normal PRA | High PRA | p Value |
| n | 11 | 14 | 13 | |
| Sex (M/F) | 5/6 | 6/8 | 9/4 | 0.333 |
| Age (years) | 73 (7) | 71 (7) | 71 (5) | 0.598 |
| NYHA II/III | 3/8 | 8/6 | 7/6 | 0.608 |
| PRA (ng/ml/h) | 0.74 (0.47) | 2.47 (0.68) | 11.92 (6.00) | < 0.01 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 135 (21) | 127 (19) | 129 (28) | 0.721 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 72 (13) | 74 (9) | 69 (12) | 0.693 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 67 (12) | 75 (17) | 72 (7) | 0.393 |
| Lisinopril (mg)1-151 | 12.7 (6.1) | 12.9 (5.4) | 13 (7) | 0.99 |
| Frusemide (mg) | 58 (28) | 71 (28) | 98 (35) | 0.008 |
| Plasma sodium (mmol/l) | 134.9 (4.1) | 135.7 (3.7) | 134.7 (3.5) | 0.749 |
| Plasma potassium (mmol/l) | 3.9 (0.4) | 4.1 (0.5) | 3.8 (0.5) | 0.208 |
| Plasma urea (mmol/l) | 5.4 (1.6) | 7.0 (2.4) | 6.4 (2.9) | 0.255 |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/l) | 102 (21) | 116 (39) | 110 (32) | 0.565 |
| Creatinine clearance (ml/min)1-152 | 58 (32) | 79 (92) | 73 (40) | 0.695 |
| Serum ACE (U/l) | 25.8 (12.4) | 29.6 (10.0) | 31.4 (14.0) | 0.533 |
1-150 p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
↵1-151 Entry dose of lisinopril, which was substituted with placebo tablets for one week before the hormonal assessments.
↵1-152 Calculated using the equation of [urinary creatinine concentration × 24 hour urine volume]/plasma creatinine concentration.
ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; BP, blood pressure; NYHA, New York Heart Association functional class; PRA, plasma renin activity.