Table 1

Prevalence of individual cardiovascular malformations, including “anatomical” and “physiological” hierarchies

PA IAA CoA TAPVC ToF All others Total Rate/1000 live births
HLH69690.14
Mitral atresia2218130.03
Tricuspid atresia4219250.05
DIV52224330.07
PA/IVS23230.05
PA/VSD150510.11
Truncus6137440.09
CTGA613190.04
CAVSD119271021310.27
TGA421391450.30
ToF1461460.31
PAVSD236380.08
TAPVC144450.09
VSD op/or death20371842410.50
AS op/or death640460.10
PS op/or death152530.11
CoA1161160.24
ASD21321340.28
PDA1091090.23
VSD8998991.88
AS47470.10
PS1591590.33
Miscellaneous4774850.18
Total28367447252226715.59
  • PA, pulmonary atresia; IAA, interruption of the aortic arch; CoA, coarctation of the aortic arch; ToF, tetralogy of Fallot; HLH, hypoplastic left heart: DIV, double inlet ventricle; PA/IVS, pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum; PA/VSD, pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect; Truncus, truncus arteriosus; CTGA, congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries; CAVSD, complete atrioventricular septal defect; TGA, transposition of the great arteries; PAVSD, partial atrioventricular septal defect; TAPVC, totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection; VSD op/or death, ventricular septal defect with operation or death in infancy; AS op/or death, aortic stenosis with operation or death in infancy; PS op/or death, pulmonary stenosis with operation or death in infancy; ASD, atrial septal defect; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; VSD, ventricular septal defect with no operation or death in infancy; AS, aortic stenosis with no operation or death in infancy; PS, pulmonary stenosis with no operation or death in infancy.