Na+channel block (I1-150) | K+channel block (III) | Ca2+ channel block (IV) | β-blockade (II) | Other clinically important autonomic or electrophysiologic actions (all ✔✔) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
At all rates | Predominantly at fast rates | IKr | Other K+ channels | ||||||||||
Adenosine | ✔? | IK-AChactivation | |||||||||||
Amiodarone | ✔✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔✔ | Reduction of β receptor number (non-competitive β blockade), also a “class II” effect | ||||||||
β Blockers | ✔✔ | ||||||||||||
Bretylium | ✔? | ✔? | Inhibition of norepinephrine (noradrenaline) reuptake | ||||||||||
Calcium channel blockers (verapamil, diltiazem) | ✔ | ✔✔ | |||||||||||
Digitalis | Na+-K+ATPase inhibition; vagotonic actions | ||||||||||||
Disopyramide | ✔✔ | ✔ | ✔? | anticholinergic effects | |||||||||
Dofetilide | ✔✔ | ||||||||||||
Flecainide | ✔✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||||||
Ibutilide | ✔✔ | Na+channel activation (also →↑QT) | |||||||||||
Lidocaine | ✔✔ | ||||||||||||
Mexiletine | ✔✔ | ||||||||||||
Moricizine | ✔✔ | ||||||||||||
Procainamide | ✔✔ | ✔ | ✔? | Ganglionic blockade | |||||||||
Propafenone | ✔✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||
Quinidine | ✔✔ | ✔✔ | ✔ | α blockade; vagolytic | |||||||||
Sotalol | ✔✔ | ✔ | ✔✔ | ||||||||||
Tocainide | ✔✔ |
✔✔ clinically important drug action.
✔ reported drug action that may contribute to clinical effects.
↵1-150 Roman numerals refer to the Vaughan Williams classification.