Characteristics of the study and control groups
| Fontan (n = 61) | CP shunt (n = 35) | p Value | AP shunt (n = 15) | p Value | |
| Length of follow up (years) Range | 9.1 (6.4) (0–21) | 17.9 (6.4) (8–31) | 0.349 | 18 (6.9) (5–33) | 0.722 |
| Length follow up after 18th birthday (years) Range | 17.1 ( 8.8) (3–46) | 12.2 (5) (1.6–22.7) | 0.173 | 8.9 (4.9) (2.5–20.5) | – |
| Age at definitive palliation (years) Range | 26 (7) (18–47) | 12.6 (7.7) (1–35) | 0.431 | 12.7 (14.5) (0.1–53) | 0.320 |
| Male:female (%) | 53:47 | 51:49 | 0.903 | 73:27 | 0.105 |
| TGA complex | 32 (53%) | 17 (49%) | 0.790 | 6 (40%) | 0.402 |
| Tricuspid atresia | 30 (49%) | 14 (40%) | 0.200 | 8 (53%) | 0.846 |
| Pulmonary atresia IVS | 4 (7%) | 13 (37%) | < 0.001 | 5 (33%) | < 0.001 |
| Atrial isomerism | 3 (5%) | 5 (15%) | 0.010 | 2 (13%) | 0.132 |
| Left ventricle dominant | 48 (79%) | 32 (91%) | 0.066 | 13 (87%) | 0.451 |
| Gr I&II vfx: (baseline) | 55 of 58 (95%) | 20 of 35 (57%) | < 0.001 | 13 of 15 (87%) | 0.182 |
| Gr I&II AV regurgitation (baseline) | 57 of 59 (97%) | 31 of 35 (89%) | 0.016 | 14 of 15 (93%) | 0.405 |
| Age at latest follow up (years) Range | 35.1 (9) (20–66) | 31.4 (5.9) (19.6–46.5) | 0.753 | 30.5 (10.3) (20.5–57.8) | 0.848 |
p < 0.025 was considered significant; this value is corrected for multiple comparisons.
AP, aortopulmonary; CP, cavopulmonary; Gr I&II AV regurgitation, mild to moderate systemic atrioventricular valve regurgitation before definitive palliation; Gr I&II vfx, proportion of patients with mild to moderate ventricular dysfunction before definitive palliation; IVS, intact ventricular septum; TGA, transposition of the great arteries.