Adverse prognostic indicators in primary pulmonary hypertension
| 1. Clinical |
| Age < 14 or > 65 years |
| Modified NYHA functional classes III and IV |
| Class I and II: 6 years median survival |
| Class III: 2.5 years median survival |
| Class IV: 0.5 years median survival |
| Falling exercise capacity |
| Syncope |
| Haemoptysis |
| Signs of right ventricular failure |
| 2. Haemodynamic |
| Pulmonary arterial oxygen saturation < 63% |
| > 63%: 55% survival at 3 years |
| < 63%: 17% survival at 3 years |
| Cardiac index < 2.1 l/min/m2 |
| < 2.1: 17 months median survival |
| Right atrial pressure > 10 mm Hg |
| < 10 mm Hg: 4 years mean survival |
| > 20 mm Hg: 1 month mean survival |
| Lack of pulmonary vasodilator response to acute challenge |
NYHA, New York Heart Association.