Fetal factors | Maternal factors | Ultrasound findings | |
Extracardiac anomalies | Family history/Maternal CHD | Increased nuchal fold, suspicious four chamber scan | |
Abnormal chromosomes | Diabetes mellitus | Non-diagnostic scan | |
Multiple fetal pregnancy | Autoimmune antibodies | “Soft” diagnostic markers—for example, echogenic cardiac foci, short femurs, echogenic bowel, symmetrical growth restriction | |
Fetal cardiac arrhythmia | Drugs—for example, lithium, anticonvulsants |
CHD, congenital heart disease