Risk factors for aortic valve calcification
| HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein. |
| Clinical |
| ▸ Age |
| ▸ Male sex |
| ▸ Smoking |
| ▸ Diabetes mellitus |
| ▸ Hypertension |
| ▸ Renal failure |
| ▸ Hyperparathyroidism |
| ▸ Paget's disease |
| Biochemical |
| ▸ Hyperlipidaemia |
| – increased total cholesterol |
| – increased LDL cholesterol |
| – reduced HDL cholesterol |
| – increased Lp (a) lipoprotein |
| ▸ Hypercalcaemia |
| ▸ Increased serum creatinine |