Dietary fat purchasing habits in whites, blacks and Asian peoples in England — implications for heart disease prevention

Abstract

The mortality and morbidity from coronary heart disease (CHD) is higher in people of South Asian origin than in whites, but is significantly lower in the black (Afro-Caribbean origin) community in the United Kingdom. To investigate whether this may be related to differences in fatty food intake, we performed a questionnaire survey of the weekly food purchasing habits and preparation methods in white, black (Caribbean) and Asian households in Birmingham. We interviewed 224 housewives from three ethnic groups (84 white, 76 black/Afro-Caribbean and 72 Asian). The highest quantity of fat in foods purchased per week was found in the Asian population (median 1409 g/week per person, interquartile range (IQR) 850–1952), which was significantly greater than black subjects, who had the lowest quantity of fat in foods purchased (1012 g/week per person, IQR 835–1388) (Mann-Whitney testmedian difference 300.5, 95% C.I. 23.3–600.4, P = 0.029). The median quantity of fat in foods purchased by the white households was intermediate, at 1186 g/week per person (IQR 861–1711). There was a higher quantity of fat in foods purchased in the lower social classes (IV and V) in both the white and Asian populations. Butter, egg and milk consumption was significantly greater in Asians; with ghee consumption almost exclusive amongst this group (98%). Amongst whites and blacks, the commonest food preparation methods were grilling, boiling or poaching; whilst amongst Asians, frying was more common (χ² = 81.25, d.f. = 4, P < 0.0001). Our results indicate that there are ethnic differences in quantities of fat in foods purchased and in food preparation methods, with implications for ethnic differences in fatty food consumption. They may partly explain the higher incidence of CHD amongst Asians and the low incidence in black people in Britain. The Asian community should be targeted for intense dietary intervention and other preventative measures to reduce the risk of CHD.