viewpoint
Retroviruses, apoptosis and autogenes

https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5699(93)90182-KGet rights and content

Abstract

Autoimmunity and autoimmune disease are not the same. Autoimmunity is a normal consequence of aging, potentially reversible and possibly physiological. Autoimmune disease is dependent on genetic, viral, hormonal and psychoneuroimmunological factors. Aside from the apparently normal regulation of autoimmune responses by immune response genes, little is known about other genetic factors. Here, Norman Talal and John Mountz propose the term autogene to describe non-MHC genes which directly or indirectly interfere with important immunoregulatory actions. When mutated or otherwise genetically altered (e.g. by retrotransposon insertion), these genes predispose to immune dysregulation, lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity.

References (36)

  • N. Talal

    Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol.

    (1992)
  • E. Flescher et al.

    Am. J. Med.

    (1991)
  • S. Itescu et al.

    Lancet

    (1989)
  • R.G. Kopelman et al.

    Am. J. Med.

    (1988)
  • F. DeKeyser et al.

    Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol.

    (1992)
  • N. Talal et al.

    J. Autoimmunity

    (1992)
  • A.M. Krieg et al.

    J. Autoimmunity

    (1990)
  • G.N. Abraham et al.

    Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol.

    (1990)
  • A. Strasser et al.

    Cell

    (1991)
  • N. Talal

    Arthritis and Rheumatol.

    (1978)
  • I.R. Cohen
  • N. Talal
  • S. Ansar-Ahmed et al.

    Am. J. Pathol.

    (1985)
  • B. Kaye

    Ann. Intern. Med.

    (1989)
  • N. Talal et al.

    Arthritis and Rheum.

    (1990)
  • N. Talal et al.

    J. Clin. Invest.

    (1990)
  • A.M. Krieg et al.

    FASEB J.

    (1992)
  • M. Murakami et al.

    Nature

    (1992)
  • Cited by (57)

    • Copy number variants and fetal growth in stillbirths

      2023, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
      Citation Excerpt :

      A duplication at the q arm of chromosome 10 was also noted. This is a relatively conserved region in the mammalian genome including genes involved in smooth muscle contractility, susceptibility to viruses, and the development of autoimmune disease.38–41 This CNV is also one of the few described in our study to be previously associated with growth restriction in postnatal life.42

    • Human Retroviral Infections in the Tropics

      2011, Tropical Infectious Diseases: Principles, Pathogens and Practice
    • Human Retroviral Infections in the Tropics

      2011, Tropical Infectious Diseases
    • Human Retroviral Infections in the Tropics

      2006, Tropical Infectious Diseases
    • Human Retroviral Infections in the Tropics

      2005, Tropical Infectious Diseases: Principles, Pathogens, & Practice, 2-Volume Set with CD-ROM
    View all citing articles on Scopus
    View full text