Brief ReportsAcute complications of permanent pacemaker implantation: their financial implication and relation to volume and operator experience
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2018, Cardiac Electrophysiology ClinicsCitation Excerpt :A disadvantage of using these veins is their close proximity to adjacent arteries, nerves, and the pleural cavity. Therefore, attempts at venipuncture can lead to serious acute complications, such as pneumothorax, hemopneumothorax, brachial plexus injury, phrenic nerve injury, thoracic duct injury, subclavian artery venipuncture, and mechanical damage of the lead.15,17–19 In a study on subclavian vein access, the most common intraoperative complication was inadvertent arterial puncture (2.7% of subclavian insertions), whereas pneumothoraces occurred in 1.8%.18
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