Survival with oral d-Sotalol in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction: Rationale, design, and methods (the SWORD trial)☆
References (26)
- et al.
Electrophysiologic effects of the levo- and dextrorotatory isomers of sotalol in isolated cardiac muscle and their in vivo pharmacokinetics
J Am Coll Cardiol
(1986) - et al.
Comparative β-blocking activities and electrophysiologic actions of racemic sotalol and its optical isomers in anesthetized dogs
Eur J Pharmacol
(1986) - et al.
Prediction of serious arrhythmic events after myocardial infarction: signal-averaged electrocardiogram, Holter monitoring and radionuclide ventriculography
J Am Coll Cardiol
(1987) - et al.
Predicting arrhythmic events after acute MI using the signal-averaged electrocardiogram
Am J Cardiol
(1992) - et al.
Decreased heart rate variability and its association with increased mortality after acute myocardial infarction
Am J Cardiol
(1987) Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure
Lancet
(1993)- et al.
Effect of antiarrhythmic therapy on mortality in survivors of myocardial infarction with asymptomatic complex ventricular arrhythmias: Basel antiarrhythmic study of infarct survival (BASIS)
J Am Coll Cardiol
(1990) - et al.
Randomized trial of low dose amiodarone in severe congestive heart failure
Lancet
(1994) - et al.
Antifibrillatory properties of the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists nadolol, sotalol, atenolol, and propranolol in the anesthetized dog
Pharmacology
(1984) - et al.
Sympathetic activation, ventricular repolarization, and Ikr blockade: implications for the antifibrillatory efficacy of k+ channel blockers
J Am Coll Cardiol
(1995)
d-Sotalol reduces heart rate in vivo through a β-adrenergic receptor-independent mechanism
Clin Pharmacol Ther
The early termination of clinical trials: causes, consequences and control with special reference to trials in the field of arrhythmias and sudden death
Circulation
Discrete sequential boundaries for clinical trials
Biometrika
Cited by (112)
Multifactorial approaches to enhance maturation of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes
2023, Journal of Molecular LiquidsThe Increasing Role of Rhythm Control in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: JACC State-of-the-Art Review
2022, Journal of the American College of CardiologyCitation Excerpt :For example, observational results from Canada also showed little difference in mortality until 4 years post-treatment initiation for rhythm or rate control, after which, long-term results progressively favored rhythm control, with mortality decreasing in the rhythm-control group after year 5.62 Initial enthusiasm for AADs was dampened after their association with excess mortality in patients with prior myocardial infarction, impaired left ventricular function, and ventricular ectopy, likely attributable to their proarrhythmic or negative inotropic effects, in the CAST (Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial), CAST II, SWORD (Survival With Oral d-Sotalol in Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Myocardial Infarction), and ALIVE (Azimilide Post-Infarct Survival Evaluation) studies in the 1990s.63-66 However, this was followed by the evaluation of AADs for rhythm control in patients with AF and the development of more atrial-specific AADs in the early 21st century.50-54
Oral procainamide as pharmacological treatment of recurrent and refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmias: A single-center experience
2021, Heart Rhythm O2Citation Excerpt :Antiarrhythmic drugs are usually prescribed long-term for the prevention of recurrences, and amiodarone commonly represents the first-line therapy. However, although amiodarone and sotalol have been clearly demonstrated to reduce recurrent ventricular arrhythmias,6,7 they have been limited by tolerance and side effects.8,9 As a matter of fact, long-term therapy with amiodarone is commonly associated with severe organ damage.
Molecular determinants of pro-arrhythmia proclivity of d- and l-sotalol via a multi-scale modeling pipeline
2021, Journal of Molecular and Cellular CardiologyCitation Excerpt :A fascinating and puzzling example of isomerism to impact cardiac safety is the antiarrhythmic sulfonamide drug sotalol. The d-isomer was infamously shown in the SWORD (Survival With ORal D-sotalol) clinical trial [16] to increase mortality and risk of sudden cardiac death in patients, leading to its withdrawal [17]. The racemic mixture comprising d- and l-sotalol, however, is widely used as an effective antiarrhythmic – although not entirely without risk [18–29].
Mechanisms of flecainide induced negative inotropy: An in silico study
2021, Journal of Molecular and Cellular CardiologyCitation Excerpt :While important progress has been made recently via safety pharmacology studies designed to screen drugs for pro-arrhythmia, the primary focus has been on determining the extent to which drugs cause repolarization abnormalities [1,2]. In particular, the emphasis has been on the proclivity for drugs to block the cardiac potassium channel hERG, an infamously promiscuous drug target [3–5]. More recently, studies have begun to take into account the simultaneous effects of drugs on multiple cardiac ion channel.
- ☆
This study was supported by a grant from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey.
- ∗
See appendix for participating centers.