Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
Flow Convergence Flow Rates from 3-Dimensional Reconstruction of Color Doppler Flow Maps for Computing Transvalvular Regurgitant Flows Without Geometric Assumptions: An In Vitro Quantitative Flow Study☆,☆☆
Section snippets
Pulsatile Flow Model
A cylindric 2-chamber transparent acrylic pulsatile-flow model characterized by a proximal chamber and a distal chamber (both have 8 cm height, 24 cm length) was used in this study (Figure 1).
RESULTS
During this study we transferred all the 2D flow convergence video composite data for the 4 orifices (total 34 hemodynamic conditions) into the TomTec computer. After 3D reconstruction was performed, the entire cardiac cycle of each hemodynamic condition was divided into image loops that enabled us to select the correct frame to measure the peak flow convergence surface area. High-resolution 3D reconstructions usually required 15 minutes including the first rough low-resolution 3D display.
Previous Flow Convergence Studies and Limitations
With advances in ultrasound technology, laminar acceleration phenomena for flows toward the regurgitant orifice can be detected more reproducibly by color Doppler flow mapping methods even in difficult patients. This acceleration field has been used experimentally and clinically to quantify regurgitant flow volume and flow rate in aortic and mitral regurgitation, assuming a simple or modified hemispherical or hemielliptic shape of the isovelocity surface with 2D color Doppler imaging.5, 6, 7, 8
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2013, Journal of the American Society of EchocardiographyCitation Excerpt :Therefore, complete 3D visualization of the convergent flow zone is the ideal solution for accurate calculation of the EROA. Experimental in vitro studies have demonstrated that the PISA might be measured with 3D color Doppler echocardiography even in complex geometric flow fields.36-38 These in vitro studies demonstrate that visualization of the complex flow field by 3D reconstruction of color flow Doppler images is feasible and gives excellent results for flow rate calculation.
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Reprint requests: David J. Sahn, MD, Oregon Health Sciences University, The Clinical Care Center for Congenital Heart Disease - UHN60, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97201 (e-mail: [email protected]) .
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