Clinical study: electrophysiology
Predictors of stroke in patients paced for sick sinus syndrome

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Abstract

Objectives

This study was an analysis of factors associated with stroke in a population of patients paced for sinus node dysfunction in a large prospective clinical trial (Mode Selection Trial [MOST]).

Background

The effects of dual-chamber versus single-chamber ventricular pacing on subsequent stroke in patients with sinus node dysfunction are not known.

Methods

A total of 2,010 patients with sinus node dysfunction were randomized to ventricular or dual-chamber pacing and followed for a median of 33.1 months.

Results

The median participant age was 74 years. During 5,664 patient-years of follow-up, 90 strokes (11 hemorrhagic) occurred. By life-table analysis, the rate of stroke was 2.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6 to 2.9) at one year and 5.8% (95% CI 4.5 to 7.1) at four years. The incidence of stroke was not significantly different in dual-chamber (4%) as compared with ventricular-paced patients (4.9%) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.82, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.25, p = 0.36). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that significant predictors of stroke included prior stroke or transient ischemic attack, Caucasian race, hypertension, prior systemic embolism, and New York Heart Association functional class III or IV (p < 0.05); pacing mode remained non-significant after adjustment for these factors (p = 0.37). Clinically reported atrial fibrillation after implantation was a risk factor for stroke in this cohort after adjustment for other predictors of stroke (p = 0.042, HR 1.68 [95% CI 1.02 to 2.76]).

Conclusions

Clinical characteristics, but not mode of pacing, were associated with subsequent stroke in patients paced for sinus node dysfunction.

Abbreviations

AF
atrial fibrillation
CI
confidence interval
CTOPP
Canadian Trial Of Physiologic Pacing
DDDR
dual-chamber rate-modulated
MOST
Mode Selection Trial
NYHA
New York Heart Association
TIA
transient ischemic attack
VVIR
ventricular rate-modulated

Cited by (0)

This study was supported by grants U01 HL 49804 (Dr. Lamas), U01 HL 53973 (Dr. Lee), and U01 HL 55981 (Dr. Goldman) from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Medtronic Inc., Guidant Corp., and St. Jude Medical donated additional support for study meetings and ancillary studies.