Objectives: The Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) study was initiated to determine the feasibility of a large trial in evaluating the effects of treatment of ischemia on outcome (mortality and myocardial infarction). The study was designed to examine the effects of medical treatment to control angina compared with treatment strategies guided by ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) ischemia or coronary anatomy.
Background: Treatments to suppress ischemia (asymptomatic and symptomatic) have not been evaluated in a large prospective, randomized trial. Before undertaking such a trial, issues about recruitment and treatment strategies must be addressed.
Methods: The 618 enrolled patients had coronary artery disease suitable for revascularization, ischemia on stress test and asymptomatic ischemia on ambulatory ECG. Patients were assigned randomly to one of three treatment strategies: 1) angina-guided medical strategy with titration of anti-ischemic medication to relieve angina (angina-guided strategy); 2) angina-guided plus ambulatory ECG ischemia-guided medical strategy with titration of anti-ischemic medication to eliminate both angina and ambulatory ECG ischemia (ischemia-guided strategy); and 3) revascularization by angioplasty or bypass surgery (revascularization strategy).
Results: Ambulatory ECG ischemia was no longer present at the week 12 visit in 39% of patients assigned to the angina-guided strategy, 41% of patients assigned to the ischemia-guided strategy and 55% of patients assigned to the revascularization strategy. All strategies reduced the median number of episodes and total duration of ST segment depression during follow-up ambulatory ECG monitoring. Revascularization was the most effective strategy. Treadmill test results were concordant with those of ambulatory ECG monitoring. For most patients in the two medical strategies, angina was controlled with low to moderate doses of anti-ischemic medication, and the majority of patients (65%) in the revascularization strategy did not require medication for angina.
Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrated that cardiac ischemia can be suppressed in 40% to 55% of patients with either low or moderate doses of medication or revascularization and that a large trial is feasible.