The aim of this ESC Guideline is to help health professionals manage people with heart
failure (HF) according to the best available evidence. Fortunately, we now have a wealth of …

ESC Guidelines 2389 disclosure forms are kept on file at the European Heart House,
headquarters of the ESC. Any changes in conflict of interest that arise during the writing …

Background: The prognostic impact of heart failure relative to that of 'high‐profile'disease
states such as cancer, within the whole population, is unknown. Methods: All patients with a …

The task of developing ESC Guidelines covers not only the integration of the most recent
research, but also the creation of educational tools and implementation programmes for the …

Background Vitamin K antagonists are highly effective in preventing stroke in patients with
atrial fibrillation but have several limitations. Apixaban is a novel oral direct factor Xa …

Abstract Document Reviewers: Rudolf A. de Boer (CPG Review Coordinator)(Netherlands),
P. Christian Schulze (CPG Review Coordinator)(Germany), Magdy Abdelhamid (Egypt) …

Background We compared the angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor LCZ696 with
enalapril in patients who had heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. In previous …

Background Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of
hospitalization for heart failure and cardiovascular death among patients with chronic heart …

Background Mineralocorticoid antagonists improve survival among patients with chronic,
severe systolic heart failure and heart failure after myocardial infarction. We evaluated the …

Background In patients with type 2 diabetes, inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2
(SGLT2) reduce the risk of a first hospitalization for heart failure, possibly through glucose …