Background The influence of social relationships on morbidity is widely accepted, but the
size of the risk to cardiovascular health is unclear. Objective We undertook a systematic …

Background There is increasing evidence of an association between social relationships
and morbidity in general, and cardiovascular disease in particular. However, recent …

Background Smokeless tobacco, used by more than 300 million people globally, results in
substantial morbidity and mortality. For smokeless tobacco control, many countries have …

Objectives We present a novel way of classifying and comparing measures of social
relationships to help readers interpret the growing literature on loneliness and social …

The basic reproduction number of an infection, R0, is the average number of secondary
infections generated by a single typical infective individual in a totally susceptible …

Background: Tobacco use is responsible for a large proportion of the total disease burden
from tuberculosis. Pakistan is one of the 10 high-burden countries for both tuberculosis and …

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD)
and stroke (non-fatal and fatal) among adult ever-users of smokeless tobacco (ST). Design …

Introduction We investigated the influence of COVID-19 on smoking patterns in Pakistan.
Methods In a longitudinal survey, we asked cigarette smokers in Pakistan about their …

BACKGROUND: Infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing
gram-negative bacilli constitute a growing problem worldwide. At the American University of …

Background About 90% of patients with intra-thoracic malignancy experience
breathlessness. Breathing training is helpful, but it is unknown whether repeated sessions …