Footnotes

• Curriculum topic: Congenital heart disease in adult patients

• KNA and MM contributed equally to this study.

• Contributors KNA and MM are equal first authors having provided the original draft and required revisions. AM provided editorial support and wrote the required questions. RR provided editorial support and specific assistance with the images. BC was the overall senior author providing the idea, guidance and editorial support.

• Competing interests BC has received speaking fees from St Jude Medical and has worked on advisory boards for Boston Scientific and Medtronic.

• Provenance and peer review Commissioned; externally peer reviewed.