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Original article
Diagnostic performance and reference values of novel biomarkers of paediatric heart failure
  1. Jakob A Hauser1,2,3,
  2. Svitlana Demyanets4,
  3. Krisztina Rusai1,
  4. Clara Goritschan1,
  5. Michael Weber5,
  6. Dilveer Panesar2,3,
  7. Lisa Rindler1,
  8. Andrew M Taylor2,3,
  9. Rodrig Marculescu4,
  10. Michael Burch3,
  11. Johann Wojta6,7,
  12. Ina Michel-Behnke1
  1. 1Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
  2. 2University College London, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, London, UK
  3. 3Cardiorespiratory Division, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
  4. 4Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
  5. 5Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
  6. 6Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
  7. 7Medical University of Vienna, Core Facilities, Vienna, Austria
  1. Correspondence to Dr Jakob Hauser, University College London, Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; jakob.hauser{at}ucl.ac.uk

Abstract

Objective Biomarkers play a pivotal role in heart failure (HF) management. Reference values and insights from studies in adults cannot be extrapolated to the paediatric population due to important differences in pathophysiology and compensatory reserve. We assessed the diagnostic utility of four novel biomarkers in paediatric HF.

Methods Midregional (MR) pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (proANP), soluble ST2 (sST2), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), MR-pro-adrenomedullin (proADM) and N-terminal pro-B natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were measured in 114 patients and 89 controls. HF was defined as the presence of HF symptoms and/or abnormal systolic ventricular function. Receiver-operating characteristics were plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) was measured. This was repeated for subgroups with cardiomyopathy and congenital heart disease (CHD). Ventricular systolic function was measured by magnetic resonance or echocardiography. Reference values were calculated according to the current guidelines.

Results The AUC for diagnosing HF was 0.76 for MR-proANP (CI 0.70 to 0.84) and 0.82 for NT-proBNP (CI 0.75 to 0.88). These parameters performed similarly in the subgroups with CHD and cardiomyopathy. By contrast, MR-proADM, GDF-15 and sST2 performed poorly. When used in conjunction with NT-proBNP, no parameter added significantly to its diagnostic accuracy. NT-proBNP, MR-proANP, GDF-15 and sST2 could accurately discriminate between patients with preserved and patients with poor functional status. In a subset of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, NT-proBNP, MR-proANP, MR-proADM and GDF-15 were associated with poor LV function.

Conclusions MR-proANP could accurately detect HF in children and adolescents. Its diagnostic performance was comparable with that of NT-proBNP, regardless of the underlying condition. Reference values are presented.

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