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Arrhythmias and sudden death
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Biomarkers of inflammation and risk of cardiovascular events in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation
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  • Published on: 6 April 2016
    This is a response on a different date

    ALICE was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, "and what is the use of a book," thought Alice, "without pictures or conversations?'
    So she was considering, in her own mind (as well as she could, for the hot day made her feel very sleepy and stupid), whether the pleasure of making a daisy-chain would be worth the trouble of getting up and picking the daisies, when suddenly a White Rabbit with pink eyes ran close by her.
    There was nothing so very remarkable in that; nor did Alice think it so very much out of the way to hear the Rabbit say to itself "Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall be too late!" (when she thought it over afterwards it occurred to her that she ought to have wondered at this, but at the time it all seemed quite natural); but, when the Rabbit actually took a watch out of its waistcoat-pocket, and looked at it, and then hurried on, Alice started to her feet, for it flashed across her mind that she had never before seen a rabbit with either a waistcoat-pocket, or a watch to take out of it, and burning with curiosity, she ran across the field after it, and was just in time to see it pop down a large rabbit-hole under the hedge.

    Conflict of Interest:
    None declared.
  • Published on: 24 March 2016
    Multiple authors and affiliations
    • Rae De Guzman, Systems Coordinator BMJ
    • Other Contributors:
      • Emma Chan, Production Editor
      • Aimee Prior, Technical Editor

    Atrial fibrillation (AF) constitutes a major risk factor for stroke and death.1 ,2 The potential of biomarkers to improve the prognostication concerning stroke and other cardiovascular events in patients with AF is gaining strength of evidence and clinical promise. In particular the biomarkers of cardiovascular stress and dysfunction such as cardiac troponin (cTn), a marker of myocardial cell damage; N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a marker of cardiac dysfunction; and growth-differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a marker of inflammation and oxidative stress, have been shown to be strong independent predictors.3–8 Although inflammatory activation has been linked to the occurrence of AF and to a prothrombotic state, the association with subsequent cardiovascular events during treatment with oral anticoagulation has not been fully established.9–14 Prior studies evaluating the relation between inflammation and cardiovascular events in patients with AF have often been exploratory and did not take into account the protective effect of oral anticoagulation. In addition the associations with outcomes have not been fully adjusted for other risk indicators, in particular other cardiovascular biomarkers, which recently have show

    Conflict of Interest:
    This my statement of competing interests.
  • Published on: 21 March 2016
    new title because the other one disappeared

    Atrial fibrillation (AF) constitutes a major risk factor for stroke and death.1 ,2 The potential of biomarkers to improve the prognostication concerning stroke and other cardiovascular events in patients with AF is gaining strength of evidence and clinical promise. In particular the biomarkers of cardiovascular stress and dysfunction such as cardiac troponin (cTn), a marker of myocardial cell damage; N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a marker of cardiac dysfunction; and growth-differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a marker of inflammation and oxidative stress, have been shown to be strong independent predictors.3–8 Although inflammatory activation has been linked to the occurrence of AF and to a prothrombotic state, the association with subsequent cardiovascular events during treatment with oral anticoagulation has not been fully established.9–14 Prior studies evaluating the relation between inflammation and cardiovascular events in patients with AF have often been exploratory and did not take into account the protective effect of oral anticoagulation. In addition the associations with outcomes have not been fully adjusted for other risk indicators, in particular other cardiovascular biomarkers, which recently have showed to be independent and powerful markers of adverse outcomes in patients with AF.4 In this predefined biomarker study within the Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) trial we asse...

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    Conflict of Interest:
    None declared.
  • Published on: 21 March 2016
    this is a title for beta testing

    beta testing beta testing

    Conflict of Interest:
    None declared.