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Antithrombotic therapy in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation
  1. Vincent Johan Nijenhuis1,
  2. Jorn Brouwer1,
  3. Lars Søndergaard2,
  4. Jean-Philippe Collet3,
  5. Erik Lerkevang Grove4,5,
  6. Jurrien Maria Ten Berg1
  1. 1 Department of Cardiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
  2. 2 Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
  3. 3 Action Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie de la Pitié-salpêtrière (APHP), Paris, France
  4. 4 Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
  5. 5 Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
  1. Correspondence to Dr Jurrien Maria Ten Berg, Department of Interventional Cardiology, St Antonius hospital, Nieuwegein 3435 CM, The Netherlands; j.ten.berg{at}antoniusziekenhuis.nl

Abstract

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the available data on antithrombotic therapy after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). In the absence of large randomised clinical trials, clinical practice is leaning towards evidence reported in other populations. Due to the greater risk of major bleeding associated with oral anticoagulation using a vitamin-K antagonist (VKA), antiplatelet therapy (APT) may be considered as the first-line treatment of patients undergoing TAVI. Overall, single rather than dual APT is preferred. However, dual APT should be considered in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome (ie, within 6 months), complex coronary stenting, large aortic arch atheromas or previous non-cardioembolic stroke. Monotherapy with VKA should be considered if concomitant atrial fibrillation or any other indication for long-term oral anticoagulation is present. APT on top of VKA seems only reasonable in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome, extensive or recent coronary stenting or large aortic arch atheromas. A direct-acting oral anticoagulant may be considered if oral anticoagulation is indicated in the absence of contraindications. Initiation of VKA is indicated in clinical valve thrombosis, for example, with high transvalvular gradient, whereas the role of VKA in the case of subclinical leaflet thrombosis is currently uncertain.

  • antithrombotic
  • aspirin
  • clopidogrel
  • anticoagulant drugs
  • aortic bioprosthesis
  • transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)
  • transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)

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Footnotes

  • Contributors Writing of the manuscript: VN, JB, LS, J-PC, ELG, JB. Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: VN, JTB, LS, J-PC, EG, JB. Authors responsible for the overall content as guarantors: VN, JB.

  • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

  • Competing interests The authors have no direct conflicts related to the topic, but report the following general conflicts: ELG has received speaker honoraria or consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, MSD and Roche. JMB has received advisory/consulting/speakers fees from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Daiichi Sankyo, the Medicines Company, Accumetrics, Boehringer-Ingelheim, BMS, Pfizer, Bayer, ferrer, and research grants from ZonMw and AstraZeneca.

  • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.