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Valvular heart disease
Original research article
Left atrial pressure is associated with iatrogenic atrial septal defect after mitral valve clip
  1. Hiroki Ikenaga,
  2. Atsushi Hayashi,
  3. Takafumi Nagaura,
  4. Satoshi Yamaguchi,
  5. Jun Yoshida,
  6. Florian Rader,
  7. Robert J Siegel,
  8. Saibal Kar,
  9. Takahiro Shiota
  1. Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
  1. Correspondence to Dr Takahiro Shiota, The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; shiotat{at}cshs.org

Abstract

Objectives Mitral valve (MV) clip procedure requires interatrial trans-septal puncture to access the left atrium (LA). Iatrogenic atrial septal defect (iASD) is not uncommon and may remain for a while. However, haemodynamic and echocardiographic determinants of persistent iASD are not well investigated. We sought to find haemodynamic and echocardiographic determinants of iASD after MV clip.

Methods A total of 131 patients with grades 3 to 4+ mitral regurgitation who underwent MitraClip and completed invasive haemodynamic measurement, baseline, 1 month and approximately 12 months of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) follow-up were retrospectively reviewed.

Results TTE at 1 month showed persistent iASD in 57% (1M-iASD). Mean LA pressure after clip was significantly higher in patients with 1M-iASD than patients without 1M-iASD (17±6 mm Hg vs 15±5 mm Hg, p=0.01). Among patients with 1M-iASD, 24 patients (35%) had persistent iASD at 12 months (12M-iASD). Mean LA pressure after clip was significantly higher in patients with 12M-iASD than patients without 12M-iASD (19±6 mm Hg vs 16±6 mm Hg, p=0.04). Patients with 12M-iASD did not significantly differ from patients without 12M-iASD in terms of right heart enlargement, estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure, New York Heart Association functional class and brain natriuretic peptide at 12 months. Logistic regression analysis, however, showed that mean LA pressure after clip was significantly associated with persistent iASD at 12 months in patients with 1M-iASD even after adjustment for cardiac index after clip and the prevalence of mitral regurgitation ≥3+ at 12 months (OR 1.10 per 1 mm Hg, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.21, p=0.04).

Conclusions Elevated LA pressure after MV clip was associated with persistent iASD.

  • mitral regurgitation
  • echocardiography
  • transcatheter valve interventions

https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313839

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    Footnotes

    • Contributors TS had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Study conception and design: HI, TS. Analysis and interpretation of data: HI, TS. Drafting of the manuscript: HI. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: TS, FR. Final approval of the manuscript: HI, AH, TN, SY, JY, FR, RJS, SK, TS.

    • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

    • Competing interests TS and RJS are speakers for Philips Ultrasound, and SK received consulting fees from Abbott Vascular. FR is a consultant of MyoKardia.

    • Patient consent Not required.

    • Ethics approval This observational study was approved by the Cedars-Sinai Institutional Review Board.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.