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Sequencing of medical therapy in heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction
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  • Published on:
    An important rationale for sequential prescription of medication for congestive heart failure

    The occasional, and unforeseen occurrence of drug-related interstitial nephritis is, arguably, an important justification for sequencing the initiation of drug treatment for congestive heart failure or for hypertension.
    Given the fact that interstitial nephritis has been reported after medication with captopril[1], losartan[2], valsartan[3], and empagliflozin[4],[5],, respectively, the challenge of identifying the culprit medication is made much easier if drugs belonging to those subclasses are introduced sequentially. Two examples justify that approach:-
    In one hypertensive patient empagliflozin had been prescribed as an add-on therapy to long-standing medication with losartan, bisoprolol, amlodipine, sitagliptin, and aspirin. Pre empagliflozin serum creatinine was 0.9 mg/dl. Post empgliflozin serum creatinine peaked at 9.22 mg/dl. Renal biopsy showed stigmata of acute interstitial nephritis. Empagliflozin was discontinued, and the patient was managed with haemodialysis and corticosteroid therapy. She improved and was eventually weaned off haemodialysis[4].
    The second example was a hypertensive patient who had been taking enalapril, dilriazem, and atoravastatin for more than 2 years. Pre-empagliflozin serum creatinine was 60 mcmol/l. After empagliflozin was initiated as add-on therapy serum creatnine increased to 381 mcmol/l. Renal biopsy showed stigmata of acute interstitial nephritis. Renal function improved after withdrawal of empagliflozi...

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    Conflict of Interest:
    None declared.