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- Published on: 10 September 2024
- Published on: 10 September 2024The need for a high index of suspicion for infective endocarditis
The observation that older age is associated with fewer recurrences of pericarditis but more severe complications[1] needs to be qualified to include a recognition of the entity of acute pericarditis attributable to infective endocarditis(IE)[2],[3]..
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A prospective cohort study which covered the period January 1990 to December 2007 enrolled 459 subjects with native valve infective endocarditis associated with 479 episodes of IE. Among those there was a subgroup of 118 subjects with pericardial effusion. In that cohort IE patients who did not have pericardial effusion had a mean age of 57 versus a mean age of 47.6 in those with pericardial effusion(p < 0.001 on multivariate analysis[2]. Large-to-very large pericardial effusions were associated with an increase in 1-year mortality(Odds Ratio 3.0; 95% Confidence Interval 1.2 to 7.9)[2].
An observational study enrolled 338 subjects embracing a wider spectrum of IE which included native valve infective endocarditis, prosthetic valve IE, and IE attributable to implantable electronic devices. In that study it was also shown that IE patients who had pericardial effusion were significantly(p < 0.003) younger than counterparts who did not have pericardial effusion[3].
neither of the two studies documented the presence of IE without cardiac murmurs.
Given the observation that IE patients with pericardial effusion have more severe infections than patients without pericardial effusions[2],[3], and...Conflict of Interest:
None declared.