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Congenital heart disease
Original research
Peak oxygen consumption by smartwatches compared with cardiopulmonary exercise test in complex congenital heart disease
  1. Tomio Tran1,
  2. Jill Marie Steiner1,
  3. Aparajithan Venkateswaran2,
  4. Jonathan Buber1
  1. 1 Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
  2. 2 Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
  1. Correspondence to Dr Tomio Tran, Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; tomit37{at}gmail.com

Abstract

Objective To evaluate for correlation between exercise capacity as assessed by peak oxygen consumption (pVO2) measurement during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and smartwatches reporting this parameter in patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) complex lesions.

Methods A prospective study that included patients with ACHD either a Fontan circulation or a right ventricle supporting the systemic circulation who underwent two separate CPETs at least 1 year apart. Generalised estimating equations linear regression was performed to identify factors associated with correlation between smartwatch and CPET-derived pVO2.

Results 48 patients (71% with a Fontan circulation, 42% females, mean age 33±9 years) underwent two CPETs between May 2018 and May 2022 with echocardiograms performed within 6 months of each CPET. Apple Watch was the predominant smartwatch used (79%). Smartwatch and CPET measured peak heart rate (Pearson correlation=0.932, 95% CI (0.899, 0.954)) and pVO2 (0.8627, 95% CI (0.8007, 0.9064) and 0.8634, 95% CI (0.7676, 0.9215) in the first and second CPET, respectively) correlated well, with smartwatch-measured pVO2 values measuring higher by a mean of 3.146 mL/kg/min (95% CI (2.559, 3.732)). Changes in pVO2 between the first and the second CPET also correlated well (Pearson correlation=0.9165, 95% CI (0.8549, 0.9525)), indicating that for every 1 mL/(min kg) change in CPET-measured pVO2, there was a corresponding 0.896 mL/(min kg) change in the smartwatch-measured pVO2.

Conclusion Both absolute values and changes over time in pVO2 as measured by smartwatches and CPETs correlate well in patients with complex ACHD.

  • Heart Defects, Congenital
  • Fontan Procedure
  • Transposition of Great Vessels

Data availability statement

No data are available.

https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2023-322989

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    Data availability statement

    No data are available.

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    Footnotes

    • Twitter @TomioTran, @steiner_md, @apara_v

    • Contributors All authors listed on this manuscript have made substantial contributions to all of the following: (1) the conception and design of the study, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; (2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; (3) final approval of the version to be submitted. Additionally, all authors have participated in the work and have reviewed and agreed with the content of the article.

      Jonathan Buber is the guarantor and accepts full responsibility for the finished work and/or the conduct of the study, had access to the data, and controlled the decision to publish.

    • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Patient and public involvement Patients and/or the public were not involved in the design, or conduct, or reporting, or dissemination plans of this research.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.