OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of previous infection with cytomegalovirus, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Helicobacter pylorion neointimal proliferation after coronary angioplasty with stent implantation.

DESIGN The study population was made up of 180 patients who had stent implantation in a native coronary artery with systematic angiographic and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) follow up at six months. Quantitative coronary angiography was used to assess the late lumen loss. The mean area of neointimal tissue within the stent and the ratio of neointimal tissue to stent area were assessed from IVUS images. Previous cytomegalovirus,C pneumoniae, andH pylori infection was identified by IgG antibody determination.

RESULTS Previous cytomegalovirus infection was detected in 50% of the population, previousC pneumoniae in 18%, and previousH pylori in 33%. Mean (SD) reference diameter was 2.94 (0.48) mm and mean minimum lumen diameter after stent implantation was 2.45 (0.42) mm. At six months, the mean late loss was 0.74 (0.50) mm, the mean neointimal tissue area was 3.8 (1.7) mm², and the average ratio of neointimal tissue area to stent area was 45 (18)%. None of these variables of restenosis was linked to any of the three infectious agents. By multivariate analysis, lesion length was the variable best correlated with mean neointimal tissue area, the ratio of neointimal tissue to stent area, and late loss, explaining respectively 31%, 39%, and 8% of their variability.

CONCLUSIONS Previous infection with cytomegalovirus, C pneumoniae, orH pylori was not a contributing factor in the process of restenosis after stent implantation.