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Cardiac ECMO for biventricular hearts after paediatric open heart surgery
  1. R R Chaturvedi1,*,
  2. D Macrae2,,
  3. K L Brown2,
  4. M Schindler2,
  5. E C Smith2,
  6. K B Davis3,
  7. G Cohen2,
  8. V Tsang2,
  9. M Elliott2,
  10. M de Leval2,
  11. S Gallivan3,
  12. A P Goldman2
  1. 1Randall Centre, King’s College, London, UK
  2. 2Cardiothoracic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
  3. 3Clinical Operations Research Unit, University College, London, UK
  1. Correspondence to:
    Dr A Goldman
    Cardiothoracic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London W1N 3JH, UK; goldmapblueyonder.co.uk

Abstract

Objective: To delineate predictors of hospital survival in a large series of children with biventricular physiology supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) after open heart surgery.

Results: 81 children were placed on ECMO after open heart surgery. 58% (47 of 81) were transferred directly from cardiopulmonary bypass to ECMO. Hospital survival was 49% (40 of 81) but there were seven late deaths among these survivors (18%). Factors that improved the odds of survival were initiation of ECMO in theatre (64% survival (30 of 47)) rather than the cardiac intensive care unit (29% survival (10 of 34)) and initiation of ECMO for reactive pulmonary hypertension. Important adverse factors for hospital survival were serious mechanical ECMO circuit problems, renal support, residual lesions, and duration of ECMO.

Conclusions: Hospital survival of children with biventricular physiology who require cardiac ECMO is similar to that found in series that include univentricular hearts, suggesting that successful cardiac ECMO is critically dependent on the identification of hearts with reversible ventricular dysfunction. In our experience of postoperative cardiac ECMO, the higher survival of patients cannulated in the operating room than in the cardiac intensive care unit is due to early effective support preventing prolonged hypoperfusion and the avoidance of a catastrophic cardiac arrest.

  • congenital heart surgery
  • ECMO
  • extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
  • ventricular dysfunction
  • CICU, cardiac intensive care unit
  • ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
  • ROC, receiver operating characteristic

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Footnotes

  • * Current address: Division of Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8

  • Current address: Department of Paediatrics, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London SW3 6NP, UK