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Influence of water immersion, water gymnastics and swimming on cardiac output in patients with heart failure
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  • Published on: 7 February 2007
    Continuous wave Doppler based cardiac output in immersion in swimming athletes

    Dear Editor,

    I read with great interest the recent report from Schmid and coworkers regarding the hemodynamic changes induced in water, which is of special interest among patients with deteriorated cardiac function. The hypothesis is interesting, however the methods used for cardiac output determination in a swimming pool have to be discussed. Schmid used an inert gas rebreathing method using an infrared photoa...

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    Conflict of Interest:
    None declared.