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Impact of the indexed effective orifice area on mid-term cardiac-related mortality after aortic valve replacement
  1. Sabine Bleiziffer1,
  2. Ayyaz Ali2,
  3. Ina M Hettich1,
  4. Deniz Akdere1,
  5. Rüdiger P Laubender3,
  6. Daniel Ruzicka1,
  7. Johannes Boehm1,
  8. Rüdiger Lange1,
  9. Walter Eichinger1
  1. 1Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Centre, Munich, Germany
  2. 2Stanford University Medical Center, California, USA
  3. 3Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
  1. Correspondence to Dr Sabine Bleiziffer, Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Centre Munich, Lazarettstr 36, 80636 Munich, Germany; bleiziffer{at}dhm.mhn.de

Abstract

Background There has been ongoing controversy as to whether prosthesis–patient mismatch (PPM, defined as indexed effective orifice area (EOAI) <0.85 m2/cm2) influences mortality after aortic valve replacement (AVR). In most studies, PPM is anticipated by reference tables based on mean EOAs as opposed to individual assessment. These reference values may not reflect the actual in vivo EOAI and hence, the presence or absence of PPM may be based on false assumptions.

Objective To assess the impact of small prosthesis EOA on survival after aortic valve replacement AVR.

Methods 645 patients had undergone an AVR between 2000 and 2007 entered the study. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography for determination of the actual EOAI within 6 months postoperatively. In order to predict time from surgery to death a proportional hazards model for competing risks (cardiac death vs death from other causes) was used. EOAI was entered as a continuous variable.

Results PPM occurred in 40% of the patients. After a median follow-up of 2.35 years, 92.1% of the patients were alive. The final Cox regression model showed a significantly increased risk for cardiac death among patients with a smaller EOAI (HR=0.32, p=0.022). The effect of EOAI on the 2–5 year mortality risk was demonstrated by risk plots.

Conclusions In contrast to previous studies these EOAI values were obtained through postoperative echocardiography, substantially improving the accuracy of measurement, and the EOAI was modelled as a continuous variable. There was a significantly improved survival for larger EOAIs following AVR. Strategies to avoid PPM should become paramount during AVR.

  • Echocardiography
  • prosthesis
  • surgery
  • survival
  • valves

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Footnotes

  • Competing interests None.

  • Ethics approval This study was conducted with the approval of the local ethics committee (Technical University Munich, Germany).

  • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.