Introduction Hypertension, overweight/obesity and dyslipidemia are common risk factors for cardiovascular disease. β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) regulates blood pressure, lipid mobilisation, and energy expenditure.

Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kazakh of Xinjiang (169 males, 238 females) aged 30 to 60 years. The widely studied polymorphisms A46G, C79G, C491T and A523C in ADRB2 gene were selected to be genotyped by PCR-RFLP.

Results 3 polymorphisms (A46G, C79G and A523C) and a mutation (C491T) of ADRB2 were found. Genotype distributions of A523C in control and hypertriglyceridemia, control and hypo-HDL-c individuals were different (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the OR for hypertension was 2.894 in C523C group against the A523A+A523C group (p=0.009); compared the A523A+A523C group, the OR for hypertriglyceridemia in C523C group were 2.666 (p=0.031). The frequency of C491T was 1.2% (n=5) and no TT genotype was found. That C491T was found only in hypertensive or dyslipidemia group. All five subjects were diagnosis with hypertension and dyslipidemia. Four out of five individuals with C491T had Hyper-LDL-C. The mean blood pressure and serum LDL-C of the five subjects were much higher than normal value.

Conclusions Variation of ADRB2 may play a causal role in the pathogenesis of the hypertension and dyslipidemia in Xinjiang Kazakans.