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Heart rhythm disorders
Original article
Long-term outcomes following infection of cardiac implantable electronic devices: a prospective matched cohort study
  1. Jean-Claude Deharo1,
  2. Amandine Quatre1,
  3. Julien Mancini2,
  4. Paul Khairy3,
  5. Yvan Le Dolley1,
  6. Jean-Paul Casalta4,
  7. Eric Peyrouse1,
  8. Sébastien Prévôt1,
  9. Franck Thuny1,
  10. Frédéric Collart5,
  11. Didier Raoult4,
  12. Gilbert Habib1,
  13. Frédéric Franceschi1
  1. 1Cardiology Department, CHU La Timone, Medical School of Marseilles, Marseilles, France
  2. 2Epidemiology and Statistics Department, CHU La Timone, Medical School of Marseilles, Marseilles, France
  3. 3Adult Congenital Heart Center and Electrophysiology Service, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
  4. 4Infectious Disease Department, CHU La Timone, Medical School of Marseilles, Marseilles, France
  5. 5Cardiac Surgery Department, CHU La Timone, Medical School of Marseilles, Marseilles, France
  1. Correspondence to Professor Jean-Claude Deharo, Department of Cardiology, CHU La Timone, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13005 Marseilles, France; jean-claude.deharo{at}ap-hm.fr

Abstract

Objective To assess long-term outcomes and predictors of mortality in patients treated according to current recommendations for cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection.

Design Two-group matched cohort study.

Setting Tertiary-care institution.

Patients Consecutive patients admitted for CIED infection between 2004 and 2008 were prospectively enrolled. Study subjects were matched to a cohort of uninfected CIED patients by age, sex and type of device.

Interventions In all infected patients, the therapeutic approach consisted of complete hardware removal whenever possible, antimicrobial therapy, and implantation of a new device, if indicated. Patients were systematically followed, with standardised outcomes assessment.

Main outcome measures All-cause mortality and predictors of long-term mortality.

Results 197 patients were included and matched 1:1 to controls. Pocket infections were present in 41.1% and definite or suspected infective endocarditis in 58.9%. Total or subtotal hardware removal was achieved in 98.5% of cases. Median follow up was 25 months (12–70). Mortality rates in the study group and controls were 14.3% vs 11.0% (NS) at 1 year and 35.4% vs 27.0% (p=NS) at 5 years. Independent predictors of long-term mortality were older age (HR=1.09, p<0.001), cardiac resynchronisation therapy (HR=3.70, p=0.001), thrombocytopenia (HR=5.10, p=0.003) and renal insufficiency (HR=2.66, p=0.006). In patients with reimplanted devices, epicardial right ventricular pacemakers were associated with higher mortality (HR=2.85, p=0.034).

Conclusion In patients with CIED infection managed by recommended therapy, long-term mortality rates are similar to comparable controls. Independent predictors include patient and disease-related factors, in addition to implantation of right ventricular epicardial pacemakers.

  • Infection
  • endocarditis
  • pacemakers
  • implantable cardioverter-defibrillators
  • transoesophageal
  • transthoracic
  • arrhythmias

https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2012-301627

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    Footnotes

    • This manuscript is in compliance with STROBE reporting guidelines.

    • Competing interests None.

    • Ethics approval Ethics approval was provided by Marseilles Medical School Ethics Committee.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; internally peer reviewed.