Footnotes

• Contributors ISS and NCB were responsible for the conception of the manuscript. ISS was responsible for writing and editing of the manuscript while NCB and SEP contributed through the critical appraisal of the manuscript. All authors approved the final draft for publication (NCB is guarantor).

• Funding ISS is an employee of Barts Health NHS trust who has received a research grant from GlaxoSmithKline. NCB is directly funded by Barts Health NHS trust. SEP was directly funded by the National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Barts.

• Competing interests None.

• Provenance and peer review Commissioned; internally peer reviewed.