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Resting heart rate and physical activity as risk factors for lone atrial fibrillation: a prospective study of 309 540 men and women
  1. Dag S Thelle1,2,3,
  2. Randi Selmer3,
  3. Knut Gjesdal4,
  4. Solveig Sakshaug3,
  5. Astanand Jugessur3,5,
  6. Sidsel Graff-Iversen3,6,
  7. Aage Tverdal3,
  8. Wenche Nystad3
  1. 1Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  2. 2Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
  3. 3Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
  4. 4Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
  5. 5Craniofacial Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
  6. 6Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
  1. Correspondence to Dag S Thelle, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1122 Blindern, Oslo N-0317, Norway; d.s.thelle{at}medisin.uio.no

Abstract

Objective To study the impact of resting heart rate and leisure time physical activity at middle age on long term risk of drug treated lone atrial fibrillation (AF).

Design Longitudinal cohort study of 309 540 Norwegian men and women aged 40–45 years examined during 1985–1999 followed from 2005 through 2009.

Setting Data from a national health screening programme were linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD).

Patients The cohort comprised 162 078 women and 147 462 men; 575 (0.4%) men and 288 women (0.2%) received flecainide and 568 men and 256 women sotalol and were defined as patients with AF.

Interventions No interventions.

Main outcome measures The outcome was lone fibrillation defined by having at least one prescription of flecainide or sotalol registered in NorPD between 2005 and 2009. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess time to first prescription.

Results The risk for being prescribed these drugs increased with decreasing baseline resting heart. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) per 10 beats/min decrease in resting heart rate for flecainide prescription was 1.26 in men (95% CI 1.17 to 1.35) and 1.15 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.27) in women. Similar effects were seen for sotalol in men, but not in women. Men who reported intensive physical activity were more often prescribed flecainide than those in the sedentary group (adjusted HR=3.14, 95% CI 2.17 to 4.54).

Conclusions This population based study supports the hypothesis that the risk of drug treated lone AF increases with declining resting heart rate in both sexes, and with increasing levels of self-reported physical activity in men.

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