Abstract

Background: Dairy consumption in childhood may have long-term effects on cardiovascular mortality through influencing the development of risk-factors or programming effects.

Objective: We investigated whether dairy and calcium consumption in childhood is associated with adult mortality due to coronary heart disease [CHD], stroke, and all-causes.

Methods: In 1937-9, 4999 children in England and Scotland participated in a study of family food consumption, assessed from seven-day household food inventories. Cause of death was ascertained between 1948-2005 in 4374 traced cohort members with complete data. Per capita household intake estimates for dairy products and calcium were used as proxies for individual intake.

Results: There was no strong evidence that a family diet in childhood high in dairy was associated with CHD or stroke mortality. However, childhood calcium intake was inversely associated with stroke mortality (multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for highest versus lowest calcium group: 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.16 to 1.05; P for trend = 0.04), but not CHD mortality. All-cause mortality was lowest in those with the highest family dairy (HR= 0.77; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.98; P for trend = 0.04) and calcium intake (HR= 0.77, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.98; P for trend = 0.05).

Conclusions: Children whose family diet in the 1930s was high in calcium were at reduced risk of death from stroke. Furthermore, childhood diets rich in dairy or calcium were associated with lower all-cause mortality in adulthood. Replication in other study populations is needed to determine whether residual confounding explains part of these findings.