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Valvular heart disease
Original research
Mortality trends of aortic stenosis in high-income countries from 2000 to 2020
  1. Makoto Hibino1,2,
  2. Arjun K Pandey3,
  3. Hiromi Hibino4,
  4. Raj Verma5,
  5. Dagfinn Aune6,7,8,
  6. Bobby Yanagawa1,
  7. Yoshiyuki Takami9,
  8. Deepak L Bhatt10,
  9. Guilherme F Attizzani11,
  10. Marc P Pelletier12,
  11. Subodh Verma1
  1. 1Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  2. 2Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
  3. 3Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
  4. 4Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
  5. 5Royal College of Surgeon in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
  6. 6Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
  7. 7Department of Nutrition, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway
  8. 8Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
  9. 9Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
  10. 10Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA
  11. 11Division of Cardiology, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
  12. 12Division of Cardiac Surgery, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
  1. Correspondence to Dr Makoto Hibino, Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON ON M5S, Canada; mhibino-ngy{at}umin.org

Abstract

Objective The purpose of this study is to describe recent mortality trends from aortic stenosis (AS) among eight high-income countries.

Methods We analysed the WHO mortality database to determine trends in mortality from AS in the UK, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Australia, the USA and Canada from 2000 to 2020. Crude and age-standardised mortality rates per 100 000 persons were calculated. We calculated age-specific mortality rates in three groups (<64, 65–79 and ≥80 years). Annual percentage change was analysed using joinpoint regression.

Results During the observation period, the crude mortality rates per 100 000 persons increased in all the eight countries (from 3.47 to 5.87 in the UK, from 2.98 to 8.93 in Germany, from 3.84 to 5.52 in France, from 1.97 to 4.33 in Italy, from 1.12 to 5.49 in Japan, from 2.14 to 3.38 in Australia, from 3.58 to 4.22 in the USA and from 2.12 to 5.00 in Canada). In joinpoint regression of age-standardised mortality rates, trend changes towards a decrease were observed in Germany after 2012 (−1.2%, p=0.015), Australia after 2011 (−1.9%, p=0.005) and the USA after 2014 (−3.1%, p<0.001). Age-specific mortality rates in age group ≥80 years had shifts towards decreasing trends in all the eight countries in contrast to other younger age groups.

Conclusions While crude mortality rates increased in the eight countries, shifts towards decreasing trends were identified in age-standardised mortality rates in three countries and in the elderly aged ≥80 years in the eight countries. Further multidimensional observation is warranted to clarify the mortality trends.

  • aortic stenosis
  • global health

Data availability statement

Data are available in a public, open access repository. Processed data are available upon reasonable request.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2023-322397

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    Data availability statement

    Data are available in a public, open access repository. Processed data are available upon reasonable request.

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    Footnotes

    • Twitter @HibinoMDMPH, @AuneDagfinn, @BobbyYanagawa, @DLBHATTMD, @GuiAttizzaniMD, @MarcPPelletier, @SubodhVermaMD

    • Presented at Presented in the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2022, Chicago, November 6, 2022.

    • Contributors We confirmed that each of the authors listed in our manuscript contributed to the study with satisfying the criteria for the authorship. MH is responsible for the overall content as guarantor.

    • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

    • Competing interests SV holds a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Cardiovascular Surgery and reports receiving research grants and/or speaking honoraria from Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, EOCI Pharmacomm Ltd, HLS Therapeutics, Janssen, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, PhaseBio, Sanofi, Sun Pharmaceuticals and the Toronto Knowledge Translation Working Group; he is the President of the Canadian Medical and Surgical Knowledge Translation Research Group, a federally incorporated not-for-profit physician organisation. DLB discloses the following relationships: advisory board: AngioWave, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cardax, CellProthera, Cereno Scientific, Elsevier Practice Update Cardiology, High Enroll, Janssen, Level Ex, Medscape Cardiology, Merck, MyoKardia, NirvaMed, Novo Nordisk, PhaseBio, PLx Pharma, Regado Biosciences and Stasys; board of directors: AngioWave (stock options), Boston VA Research Institute, Bristol Myers Squibb (stock), DRS.LINQ (stock options), High Enroll (stock), Society of Cardiovascular Patient Care, TobeSoft; chair: Inaugural Chair, American Heart Association Quality Oversight Committee; data monitoring committees: Acesion Pharma, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Baim Institute for Clinical Research (formerly Harvard Clinical Research Institute, for the PORTICO trial, funded by St. Jude Medical, now Abbott), Boston Scientific (chair, PEITHO trial), Cleveland Clinic (including for the ExCEED trial, funded by Edwards), Contego Medical (Chair, PERFORMANCE 2), Duke Clinical Research Institute, Mayo Clinic, Mount Sinai School of Medicine (for the ENVISAGE trial, funded by Daiichi Sankyo; for the ABILITY-DM trial, funded by Concept Medical), Novartis, Population Health Research Institute, Rutgers University (for the NIH-funded MINT Trial); honoraria: American College of Cardiology (senior associate editor, Clinical Trials and News, ACC.org; chair, ACC Accreditation Oversight Committee), Arnold and Porter law firm (work related to Sanofi/Bristol-Myers Squibb clopidogrel litigation), Baim Institute for Clinical Research (formerly Harvard Clinical Research Institute, RE-DUAL PCI clinical trial steering committee funded by Boehringer Ingelheim, AEGIS-II executive committee funded by CSL Behring), Belvoir Publications (editor in chief, Harvard Heart Letter), Canadian Medical and Surgical Knowledge Translation Research Group (clinical trial steering committees), Cowen and Company, Duke Clinical Research Institute (clinical trial steering committees, including for the PRONOUNCE trial, funded by Ferring Pharmaceuticals), HMP Global (editor in chief, Journal of Invasive Cardiology), Journal of the American College of Cardiology (guest editor and associate editor), K2P (cochair, interdisciplinary curriculum), Level Ex, Medtelligence/ReachMD (CME steering committees), MJH Life Sciences, Oakstone CME (course director, Comprehensive Review of Interventional Cardiology), Piper Sandler, Population Health Research Institute (for the COMPASS operations committee, publications committee, steering committee, and USA national coleader, funded by Bayer), Slack Publications (chief medical editor, Cardiology Today’s Intervention), Society of Cardiovascular Patient Care (secretary/treasurer), WebMD (CME steering committees), Wiley (steering committee); other: Clinical Cardiology (deputy editor), NCDR-ACTION Registry Steering Committee (chair), VA CART Research and Publications Committee (chair); patent: Sotagliflozin (named on a patent for sotagliflozin assigned to Brigham and Women's Hospital who assigned to Lexicon; neither I nor Brigham and Women's Hospital received any income from this patent); research funding: Abbott, Acesion Pharma, Afimmune, Aker Biomarine, Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Beren, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Scientific, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cardax, CellProthera, Cereno Scientific, Chiesi, CSL Behring, Eisai, Ethicon, Faraday Pharmaceuticals, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Forest Laboratories, Fractyl, Garmin, HLS Therapeutics, Idorsia, Ironwood, Ischemix, Janssen, Javelin, Lexicon, Lilly, Medtronic, Merck, Moderna, MyoKardia, NirvaMed, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Owkin, Pfizer, PhaseBio, PLx Pharma, Recardio, Regeneron, Reid Hoffman Foundation, Roche, Sanofi, Stasys, Synaptic, The Medicines Company, 89Bio; royalties: Elsevier (editor, Braunwald’s Heart Disease); site coinvestigator: Abbott, Biotronik, Boston Scientific, CSI, Endotronix, St. Jude Medical (now Abbott), Philips, Svelte, Vascular Solutions; Trustee: American College of Cardiology; unfunded research: FlowCo, Takeda.

    • Patient and public involvement Patients and/or the public were not involved in the design, conduct, reporting or dissemination plans of this research.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

    • Supplemental material This content has been supplied by the author(s). It has not been vetted by BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) and may not have been peer-reviewed. Any opinions or recommendations discussed are solely those of the author(s) and are not endorsed by BMJ. BMJ disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content. Where the content includes any translated material, BMJ does not warrant the accuracy and reliability of the translations (including but not limited to local regulations, clinical guidelines, terminology, drug names and drug dosages), and is not responsible for any error and/or omissions arising from translation and adaptation or otherwise.

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