PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Heynric B Grotenhuis
AU  - Bram Ruijsink
AU  - Devin Chetan
AU  - Andreea Dragulescu
AU  - Mark K Friedberg
AU  - Yasuhiro Kotani
AU  - Christopher A Caldarone
AU  - Osami Honjo
AU  - Luc L Mertens
TI  - Impact of Norwood versus hybrid palliation on cardiac size and function in hypoplastic left heart syndrome
AID  - 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308787
DP  - 2016 Jun 15
TA  - Heart
PG  - 966--974
VI  - 102
IP  - 12
4099  - http://heart.bmj.com/content/102/12/966.short
4100  - http://heart.bmj.com/content/102/12/966.full
SO  - Heart2016 Jun 15; 102
AB  - Objective The hybrid approach for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) could theoretically result in better preservation of right ventricular (RV) function then the Norwood procedure. The aim of this study was to compare echocardiographic indices of RV size and function in patients after Norwood and hybrid throughout all stages of palliation.Methods 76 HLHS patients (42 Norwood, 34 hybrid) were retrospectively studied. Echocardiography was obtained before stage I, before and after stage II, and before and after Fontan. Median follow-up was 4.9 years (range 1.1–8.5).Results Baseline characteristics before stage I were similar. Hybrid patients demonstrated a significant decrease in RV fractional area change (FAC) between baseline and pre-stage II (36±9% vs 27±6%; p<0.01); Norwood patients remained stable (32±10% vs 32±7%; p=0.21). At pre-stage II, moderate/severe tricuspid valve (TV) regurgitation was found in nine Norwood (33%) and four hybrid (18%) patients (p=0.19). After stage II, the difference in FAC became insignificant (29±7% vs 25±8%, p=0.08) and moderate/severe TV regurgitation (TR) was found in 13 Norwood (48%) and four hybrid patients (19%) (p=0.18). At pre-Fontan, RV FAC was similar after Norwood and hybrid (34±5% vs 33±6%, p=0.69), which remained unchanged after Fontan. After Fontan, one Norwood and one hybrid patient had moderate TR. RV and TV size were similar for both groups at each time point.Conclusions Patients after Norwood and hybrid procedures had equivalent indices of RV size, and systolic and diastolic function throughout all stages of palliation. Small differences in individual RV and TV indices are likely to be explained by differences in physiology or surgical timing rather than by intrinsic differences in myocardial and valve function.