PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Carolyn Y Ho
AU  - Allison L Cirino
AU  - Neal K Lakdawala
AU  - John Groarke
AU  - Anne Marie Valente
AU  - Christopher Semsarian
AU  - Steven D Colan
AU  - E John Orav
TI  - Evolution of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in sarcomere mutation carriers
AID  - 10.1136/heartjnl-2016-310015
DP  - 2016 Nov 15
TA  - Heart
PG  - 1805--1812
VI  - 102
IP  - 22
4099  - http://heart.bmj.com/content/102/22/1805.short
4100  - http://heart.bmj.com/content/102/22/1805.full
SO  - Heart2016 Nov 15; 102
AB  - Objective The early natural history of sarcomere mutations and the evolution to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are poorly characterised. To describe phenotypic progression, we compared mutation carriers who developed HCM to those who did not during prospective longitudinal investigation.Methods Sarcomere mutation carriers without baseline left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) were studied during participation in a pilot clinical trial testing diltiazem versus placebo. 38 participants (mean±SD age 15.8±8.6 years) were followed for a median of 2.9 years (range 1.0–5.1 years) with imaging and biomarker analysis. 4 participants (mean baseline age 13.8±3.9 years) developed HCM and were compared to those without phenotypic progression.Results Participants who developed HCM were all children/adolescents and members of families with more highly penetrant mutations. At baseline, participants who developed HCM had a higher left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (74±2% vs 69±1%, p=0.02), lower global E′ velocity (11.2±0.5 vs 14.8±0.4 cm/s, p<0.0001), higher N terminal pro peptide of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) values (208±72 vs 57±13 pg/mL, p=0.04), longer posterior mitral leaflets, and more prevalent ECG abnormalities. During follow-up, these parameters and cardiac troponin values continued to diverge in participants who developed HCM, although LV wall thickness stabilised.Conclusions LV relaxation, ECG changes, mitral leaflet length, and serum NT-proBNP concentrations appeared more prominently abnormal at baseline in preclinical sarcomere mutation carriers who imminently progressed to HCM. LVH appears to stabilise within 2 years of onset. Further investigation is needed to improve our understanding of the evolution of this disease.Trial registration number NCT00319982; Post-results.