TY - JOUR T1 - Takotsubo syndrome: aetiology, presentation and treatment JF - Heart JO - Heart SP - 1461 LP - 1469 DO - 10.1136/heartjnl-2016-309783 VL - 103 IS - 18 AU - Ken Kato AU - Alexander R Lyon AU - Jelena-R Ghadri AU - Christian Templin Y1 - 2017/09/01 UR - http://heart.bmj.com/content/103/18/1461.abstract N2 - Learning objectivesTo understand postulated hypotheses about the pathophysiology of Takotsubo syndrome.To obtain knowledge on clinical presentation and the examination findings of Takotsubo syndrome, which is helpful in differentiating between Takotsubo syndrome and acute coronary syndrome.To learn the general strategy for the treatment of Takotsubo syndrome based on the limited evidence.In the clinical setting, Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is one of the most important diseases that must be accurately differentiated from acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to enable appropriate follow-up and medical management. The prevalence of TTS is estimated to be approximately 2%–3% in all patients presenting with suspected ACS.1 However, it may be underestimated because knowledge of diagnostic criteria is often incomplete, such as the possible coexistence of coronary artery disease (CAD). According to the widely used Mayo Clinic Diagnostic Criteria modified in 2008, incidental obstructive CAD not related to the wall motion abnormality may be an inclusion criterion for the diagnosis of TTS. However, this fact has been cited only as a footnote in a paper by Prasad and colleagues.2 In addition, atypical variants are not very well recognised by physicians, which may contribute to the underestimation of TTS.3 In 2015, the International Takotsubo Registry (www.takotsubo-registry.com), which is the largest systematic database on patients suffering from TTS, revealed novel data pertaining to TTS, which aided to the understanding of this enigmatic disease.4 This review summarises current knowledge on the aetiology, presentation and treatment of TTS.The exact aetiology of TTS is still unknown, but several hypotheses are considered relevant for its pathophysiology. A number of observational clinical studies and preclinical models have helped to illuminate how the cardiovascular system responds to sudden extreme stress. These studies frequently provide a simplified and reductionist approach to a complex situation; therefore, it is important to note that a full understanding … ER -