RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Implementing myocardial infarction systems of care in low/middle-income countries
JF Heart
JO Heart
FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society
SP 20
OP 26
DO 10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313398
VO 105
IS 1
A1 Bruno R Nascimento
A1 Luisa C Caldeira Brant
A1 Bárbara C A Marino
A1 Luiz Guilherme Passaglia
A1 Antonio Luiz P Ribeiro
YR 2019
UL http://heart.bmj.com/content/105/1/20.abstract
AB Ischaemic heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, with an increasing trend from 6.1 million deaths in 1990 to 9.5 million in 2016, markedly driven by rates observed in low/middle-income countries (LMIC). Improvements in myocardial infarction (MI) care are crucial for reducing premature mortality. We aimed to evaluate the main challenges for adequate MI care in LMIC, and possible strategies to overcome these existing barriers.Reperfusion is the cornerstone of MI treatment, but worldwide around 30% of patients are not reperfused, with even lower rates in LMIC. The main challenges are related to delays associated with patient education, late diagnosis and inadequate referral strategies, health infrastructure and insufficient funding. The implementation of regional MI systems of care in LMIC, systematising timely reperfusion strategies, access to intensive care, risk stratification and use of adjunctive medications have shown some successful strategies. Telemedicine support for remote ECG, diagnosis and organisation of referrals has proven to be useful, improving access to reperfusion even in prehospital settings. Organisation of transport and referral hubs based on anticipated delays and development of MI excellence centres have also resulted in better equality of care. Also, education of healthcare staff and task shifting may potentially widen access to optimal therapy.In conclusion, efforts have been made for the implementation of MI systems of care in LMIC, aiming to address particularities of the health systems. However, the increasing impact of MI in these countries urges the development of further strategies to improve reperfusion and reduce system delays.