TY - JOUR T1 - Imaging assessment of mitral and aortic regurgitation: current state of the art JF - Heart JO - Heart SP - 1769 LP - 1776 DO - 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-316216 VL - 106 IS - 22 AU - Richard Paul Steeds AU - Saul G Myerson Y1 - 2020/11/01 UR - http://heart.bmj.com/content/106/22/1769.abstract N2 - Learning objectivesTo understand the advantages and disadvantages of imaging techniques in identifying aetiology and mechanisms of mitral and aortic regurgitation.To understand the key echocardiographic methods of quantifying severity of mitral regurgitation (MR) and aortic regurgitation (AR), and their advantages and limitations.To be aware of the relative advantages and disadvantages of cardiac magnetic resonance in quantifying severity of MR and AR.Valvular heart disease (VHD) affects 1 in 50 of the general population and 1 in 3 of the over 65s, and is associated with increased morbidity and premature mortality.1 Among adults presenting to hospital with severe VHD, mitral regurgitation (MR: 21.3%) is the second and aortic regurgitation (AR: 5.3%) is the third most common valve lesion after aortic stenosis (41.2%).2 The predominance of MR above AR is also found in community-based studies, although it is much more common to find mild and moderate VHDs than severe disease in the general population.1 VHD of all types is more common with advancing age, and given the steady rise of life expectancy in the Western world, the frequency of patients presenting with MR and AR is increasing. Despite clear evidence of benefit from surgery when performed in a timely fashion, many patients undergo operation late in the course of disease, with more advanced symptoms and higher rates of heart failure and ventricular dysfunction.2 There is a long latent period in the majority of patients with either MR or AR, and timely diagnosis, careful monitoring and early referral remain critical to care.The severity of regurgitation through the MV and AV is governed by the Gorlin formula, which states that flow through an orifice varies by the square root of the pressure gradient across the orifice, the duration of flow and a discharge coefficient.3 Therefore, the main determinants … ER -