PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Agnieszka Kapłon-Cieślicka
AU  - Anzhela Soloveva
AU  - Yura Mareev
AU  - Irina Cabac-Pogorevici
AU  - Frederik Hendrik Verbrugge
AU  - Panagiotis Vardas
TI  - Hyponatraemia in heart failure: time for new solutions?
AID  - 10.1136/heartjnl-2021-320277
DP  - 2021 Dec 11
TA  - Heart
PG  - heartjnl-2021-320277
4099  - http://heart.bmj.com/content/early/2021/12/12/heartjnl-2021-320277.short
4100  - http://heart.bmj.com/content/early/2021/12/12/heartjnl-2021-320277.full
AB  - Hyponatraemia is very common in heart failure (HF), especially in decompensated patients. It is associated with increased mortality and morbidity and considered a marker of advanced disease. Recognition of hyponatraemia and its causes may help guide treatment strategy. Historically, therapy has primarily focused on water restriction, decongestion with loop diuretics in case of volume overload (dilutional hyponatraemia) and sodium repletion in case of depletion. In this review, we summarise the potential benefits of established and emerging HF therapies on sodium homeostasis, with a focus on dual vasopressin antagonists, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and hypertonic saline, and propose a potential therapeutic approach for hyponatraemia in HF.