TY - JOUR T1 - Ventricular pacemaker upgrade: experience, complications, and recommendations JF - Heart JO - Heart SP - 420 LP - 420 DO - 10.1136/hrt.80.4.420 VL - 80 IS - 4 AU - G M GRIBBIN AU - J M MCCOMB AU - R S BEXTON Y1 - 1998/10/01 UR - http://heart.bmj.com/content/80/4/420.1.abstract N2 - Sir,—Hildick-Smith and colleagues1have reported high complication rates after pacemaker upgrade, with 45% of patients suffering one or more complications. We were initially surprised by this rate and were prompted to review the experience of surgically upgrading pacemakers at our hospital, which implants approximately 500 new pacing systems each year.Between 1983 and December 1997, 74 patients’ pacemakers were surgically upgraded from a single chamber (either AAI or VVI) to a dual chamber system. … ER -