RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Physiological cardiac remodelling in response to endurance exercise training: cellular and molecular mechanisms
JF Heart
JO Heart
FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society
SP 5
OP 10
DO 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300639
VO 98
IS 1
A1 Georgina M Ellison
A1 Cheryl D Waring
A1 Carla Vicinanza
A1 Daniele Torella
YR 2012
UL http://heart.bmj.com/content/98/1/5.abstract
AB Exercise training fosters the health and performance of the cardiovascular system, and represents nowadays a powerful tool for cardiovascular therapy. Exercise exerts its beneficial effects through reducing cardiovascular risk factors, and directly affecting the cellular and molecular remodelling of the heart. Traditionally, moderate endurance exercise training has been viewed to determine a balanced and revertible physiological growth, through cardiomyocyte hypertrophy accompanied by appropriate neoangiogenesis (the Athlete's Heart). These cellular adaptations are due to the activation of signalling pathways and in particular, the IGF-1/IGF-1R/Akt axis appears to have a major role. Recently, it has been shown that physical exercise determines cardiac growth also through new cardiomyocyte formation. Accordingly, burgeoning evidence indicates that exercise training activates circulating, as well as resident tissue-specific cardiac, stem/progenitor cells. Dissecting the mechanisms for stem/progenitor cell activation with exercise will be instrumental to devise new effective therapies, encompassing myocardial regeneration for a large spectrum of cardiovascular diseases.