PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Hude Quan
AU  - Guanmin Chen
AU  - Robin L Walker
AU  - Andy Wielgosz
AU  - Sulan Dai
AU  - Karen Tu
AU  - Norm R C Campbell
AU  - Brenda R Hemmelgarn
AU  - Michael D Hill
AU  - Helen Johansen
AU  - Finlay A McAlister
AU  - Nadia Khan
AU  - for Hypertension Outcome and Surveillance Team
TI  - Incidence, cardiovascular complications and mortality of hypertension by sex and ethnicity
AID  - 10.1136/heartjnl-2012-303152
DP  - 2013 May 15
TA  - Heart
PG  - 715--721
VI  - 99
IP  - 10
4099  - http://heart.bmj.com/content/99/10/715.short
4100  - http://heart.bmj.com/content/99/10/715.full
SO  - Heart2013 May 15; 99
AB  - Objective To compare ethnic and sex difference in the incidence of newly diagnosed hypertension, and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease outcomes among South Asian, Chinese and white patients. Methods We identified patients with newly diagnosed hypertension aged ≥20 years. Patients were followed for 1–9 years for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease with myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke. Cox proportional hazard models stratified by sex and adjusted for age, median income and co-morbid conditions, were constructed to determine the independent association between ethnicity and the development of the combined cardiovascular endpoint as well as death. Results There were 39 175 South Asian (49.4% men, 34.4% age ≥65), 49 892 Chinese (48.1% men, 36.7% age ≥65) and 841 277 white (47.9% men, 38.8% age ≥65) patients with newly diagnosed hypertension. Age and sex adjusted incidence of hypertension was highest in South Asian patients and lowest in Chinese patients. Compared with white patients, South Asian and Chinese patients had a lower mortality (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.91 and 0.66) and risk of cardiovascular disease outcomes (aHR 0.94 and 0.49). Compared to men, women had significantly lower mortality (aHR: 0.83 for Chinese, 0.78 for South Asian and 0.77 for white) and cardiovascular disease outcomes (0.72 for Chinese, 0.63 for South Asian and 0.65 for white). Conclusions South Asian patients had higher rates of hypertension compared to the other ethnic groups. South Asian and Chinese patients had a lower risk of death and developing cardiovascular outcomes compared to whites. Women with hypertension have a better prognosis than men regardless of ethnicity.