▸ Myxomatous mitral valve disease | Excess leaflet motion (chordal rupture, leaflet prolapse) |
▸ Rheumatic mitral valve disease | Restricted leaflet motion (chordal shortening and fusion, increased leaflet stiffness) |
▸ Endocarditis | Destruction of valve tissue |
▸ Coronary artery disease | |
Papillary muscle rupture | Flail papillary muscle and leaflet |
Infarction of papillary muscle or inferior-posterior LV wall | Abnormal tethering of chordae and leaflet |
Ischaemic of inferior-posterior LV wall | Intermittent MR caused by abnormal chordal tethering |
End stage disease with LV dilation and systolic dysfunction | Altered angle between papillary muscle and mitral annulus, annular dilation |
▸ Dilated cardiomyopathy | Altered angle between papillary muscle and mitral annulus |