Details of cardiovascular malformations in live born babies with maternal diabetes in the present and previous reports
| Pederson et al 19643 | Rowland et al 19735 | Mills et al 19886 | Ferencz et al 19907 | Becerra et al 19908 | This study 2003 | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AS, aortic stenosis; ASD, atrial septal defect; AVSD, atrioventricular septal defect; CAT, common atrial trunk; CoA, coarctation of the aorta; CVM, cardiovascular malformations; DIV, double inlet ventricle; HLH, hypoplastic left heart; MA, mitral atresia; Misc, miscellaneous; PA, pulmonary atresia; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; PS, pulmonary stenosis; TA, tricuspid atresia; TGA, transposition of the great arteries; ToF, tetralogy of Fallot; VSD, ventricular septal defect. | |||||||
| HLH | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.6%) |
| MA | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.8%) |
| TA | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 (3.2%) |
| DIV | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (0.8%) |
| PA | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 (3.2%) |
| CAT | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5 (4.0%) |
| AVSD | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 (2.4%) |
| TGA | 3 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 18 (14.4%) |
| ToF | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 9 (7.2%) |
| VSD | 3 | 3 | 8 | 10 | 5 | 6 | 35 (28.0%) |
| AS | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.6%) |
| PS | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 7 (5.6%) |
| CoA | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 11 (8.8%) |
| ASD | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 8 (6.4%) |
| PDA | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (2.4%) |
| Misc | 0 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 12 (9.6%) |
| Total | 15 | 19 | 21 | 35 | 13 | 22 | 125 (100) |